Steer et al. The BDI-II also has good convergent and discriminant validity. This paper, therefore, evaluates the instrument, looking at its design and format, its Psychometric properties, strengths, and weaknesses. After the pilot study, a paper version of the BDI-II was administered by a suitably trained team. (n.d.). First, to determine the most appropriate BDI-II factor structure by examining several competing factor models that have been reported in previous studies. Norms were based on a predominantly Caucasian sample. Scores >10 generally meet the threshold for a diagnosis of depression. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 26(4), 446-462. The BDI-II was revised in 1996 to be more consistent with DSM-IV criteria for depression. 1. Screening, Identification, and Assessment, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Trauma-Informed Organizational Assessment, National Veteran and Military Families Month, Sensitive to Theoretically Distinct Groups. Neal, J.A., Edelmann, R.J., & Glachan, M. (2002). Several versions of the BDI tool exist. This tool, the Beck Depression Inventory, is one of the top tools used to assess a person's mental health and determine whether they are experiencing depression. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/es/, http://www.pearsonpsychcorp.es/archivos/13373230291.pdf. Since Mardias kurtosis multivariate coefficient was 338.70 thus indicating a significant deviation from multivariate normality according to benchmarks [47]the Asymptotic Distribution-Free method was used for model estimation. Factor analysis of the BDI-II has generally identified a 2-factor structure in adult outpatient and non-clinical samples, measuring cognitive-affective and somatic depressive symptoms (Dozois, Dobson, & Ahnberg, 1998; Storch, Roberti, & Roth, 2004). Clinical Assessment s The Beck Depression Inventory . Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Cognitive trauma therapy for battered women with PTSD (CTT-BW). Some items on the BDI have more than one statement marked with the same score. Psychometric characteristics of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with college students of diverse ethnicity. The BDI was developed by Aaron T. Beck and Colleagues in 1961 and he believed that negative cognitive . Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 11(2), 99-112. A number of studies report that females score significantly higher than males do on the BDI in adult (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) and adolescent populations (Kumar, Steer, Teitelman, & Villacis, 2002; Osman, Kopper, Guttierez, Barrios, & Bagge, 2004; Steer, Kumar, Ranieri, & Beck, 1998). Al-Musawi, N.M. (2001). [5] original scoring instructions. . Common and specific dimensions of self-reported anxiety and depression: the BDI-II versus the BDI-IA. Cohen, J.A., Mannarino, A.P., & Knudsen, K. (2004). The authors suggested that the measures not be used interchangeably since they may be assessing different aspects of depression. Furthermore, since research indicates that depression symptoms response differentially to treatment [57] the use of BDI-II global score alone as a measure to detect changes in response to treatment may obscure the impact of interventions. a. Interval b. Nominal c. Ordinal d. Ratio . Interpretation. Alexithymia and dissociative tendencies in an adolescent sample from Eastern Turkey. Secondly, to examine the validity and reliability of BDI-II in Dominican Republic. Benefits. Collectively, these results support the use of BDI-II in Republic Dominican for assessing depression severity. We typically use the BDI-II. Questionnaires and other measures are provided here solely as a courtesy to accompany our scoring code. Read our. Psychiatry Research, 110, 291-299. Funding: This work was financed by the National Fund for Innovation and Scientific and Technological Development (fondocyt) in the Dominican Republic. Is There a Link Between Diabetes and Depression? 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of "Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder" and "7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety.". Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Tool Description: The BDI is the most-used depression screening tool, and it includes the severity of depression as part of its assessment. Factor structure, concurrent validity, and internal consistency of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition in a sample of college students. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, To learn more about depression and how . There were 120 college students enrolled in an introductory psychology course, who comprised the "normal group." http://www.who.int/mental_health/dominican_republic_who_aims_spanish.pdf. Although the psychometric properties of the scale have been well established through many studies worldwide, so far there is no study examining the validity and reliability of BDI-II in Republic Dominican. If you are concerned about your level of depression, it is important to discuss your symptoms with a mental health professional. No, Is the Subject Area "Research assessment" applicable to this article? Cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. Osman, A., Kopper, B.A., Guttierez, P.M., Barrios, F., & Bagge, C.L. You will need to add up the score reported for each of the 21 questions ranging from zero to three. Cross-cultural examination of measurement invariance of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. [34] tested fifteen competing BDI-II models including unidimensional, multidimensional and bifactor models, and revealed that bifactor models provided the best fit to the data, supporting the view that BDI-II assesses a single latent construct. (2001). Scores on BDI-II discriminated between clinical and general population, supporting for external validity. Some people may underestimate their level of distress, while others may exaggerate their symptoms. Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. (2002). Learn more about accessibility at UWMadison. It has been used in multiple studies, including in treatment-outcome studies for individuals who have experienced traumas. They also interpreted their findings as suggesting that the CES-D may be more effective in non-clinical populations. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. The Five to ten minutes is necessary for completing the test. evaluated with the ESRD population in mind, including the pros and cons, applicable age groups, and the . The Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition1 is a popular self-report measure of depression. 0 I am not particularly discouraged about the future. 2013;35(4):416-431. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2012-1048, Lee EH, Lee SJ, Hwang ST, Hong SH, Kim JH. . In contrast, findings concerning BDI-II factor structure have been somewhat inconsistent. Yes A pilot study of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. It has been utilized both in clinical and research purposes with high reliability and validity as it is evidenced . Moreover, despite most of the items variances were accounted by the general depression factor, the three specific factors (cognitive, affective, and somatic) explained a non-redundant amount of variance. Finally, Model 6, Model 7, Model 8 and Model 9 tested bifactor models corresponding to Model 2, Model 3, Model 4 and Model 5, respectively. Despite there is some evidence suggesting that such bias is negligible [36] future investigation addressing this issue is warranted. If you are concerned about your level of depression, there are many resources available to help you. Use of scoring code is granted under CC BY-SA 4.0 permissions. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 361-374. The CDI is a tool that mental health professionals use to measure the cognitive, affective, and behavioral signs of depression in children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 17. Eur Psychiatry. (2005). They found good internal consistency and factoral validity, with factor analysis identifying a general dimension of depression and two related factors, cognitive-affective and somatic-motivational, similar to the factor structure reported in the BDI-II manual. Cathebras, P., Mosnier, C., Levy, M., Bouchou, K., & Rousset, H. (1994). Penley, Wiebe, & Nwosu (2003) examined the psychometrics of the Spanish translation of the BDI II in a sample of predominantly Hispanic adults undergoing medical treatment for hemodialysis, many of whom were of lower SES. 7. Reveals specific suicidal characteristics that require greater clinical scrutiny. It also differentiates between major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder in . Measures of depression and depressive symptoms: Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep . Eaton WW, Neufeld K, Chen LS, Cai G. A comparison of self-report and clinical diagnostic interviews for depression: diagnostic interview schedule and schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry in the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area follow-up. 2011;63 Suppl 11:S454-S466. . Hopefully, this study will help to change this situation. The BDI-II is based on the amended Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-A). Universidad Arturo Michelena, Valencia, Venezuela, Affiliations Thus, in contrast to different authors who advocate the use of BDI-II total scores and questioned the validity of subscales [13,34], the present findings support the use of the BDI-II total score along with scores corresponding to each subscale, in agreement with Beck et al. Description of Measure: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, self-report rating inventory that measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression (Beck, et al., 1961). Azocar, F., Aren, P., Miranda, J., & Muoz, R.F. It has also been used in numerous treatment outcome studies and in numerous studies with trauma-exposed individuals. With depression, the neurotransmitter serotonin is responsible for sleep, aggression, sexual behavior, . The study also provides BDI-II community norms. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. The original BDI, first published in 1961, consisted of twenty-one questions about how the subject has been feeling in the last week. The idea of depression as it is supported by cognitive impairment has a specific program in psychotherapy (CBT), which plans to challenge and kill them in ways, for example, by cognitive restructuring. The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Verywell Mind receives compensation. The BDI-II has been referenced in 586 publications in peer-reviewed journal articles. Individuals with low education and some Spanish speakers have difficulty with the response format. Fourth, it has been suggested that bifactor models are more robust to model misspecification (e.g., substantive cross-loadings) than multidimensional or hierarchical CFA models [64] which may result in bias in favor of bifactor models and, consequently, to explain why such measurement models outperform conventional CFA models. The BDI-II is widely used as an indicator of the severity of depression, but not as a diagnostic tool, and numerous studies provide evidence for its reliability and validity across different populations and cultural groups. ( fondocyt ) in the last week who comprised the `` normal group. not be used interchangeably they... Sample from Eastern Turkey: the BDI-II has been referenced in 586 publications in peer-reviewed Journal articles with. The threshold for a diagnosis of beck depression inventory pros and cons, there are many resources available to help you the Republic. 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